Sociotechnical Systems and Management Styles Essay -- Technology Work

Sociotechnical Systems and Management Styles In today’s advanced technological workplace, companies are looking into several new management styles and concepts. Among them is a theory called sociotechnical systems (STS). This is a theory that has been around for about 50 years and is still being attempted for use today. Many managers along with one member of the STS founding team, Fred Emery, argue that STS is obsolete; other managers have implemented STS with great success. With this new style of management practice, several changes will have to take place. These changes along with several examples of both positive and negative effects will be examined throughout this essay. To introduce the STS theory and let the reader get an understanding of just what is involved in STS, it is imperative to list several changes that must take place for an effective STS strategy to work. A few changes in the old management style in comparison with STS are listed below: 1 Old -Technology first -People as extensions of machines -Maximum task breakdown, simple, narrow skills -External controls: procedures, supervisors, specialist staffs -More organization levels, autocratic style: unilateral goal setting, assignment of workers -Frequent alienation: â€Å"It’s only a job† -Less individual development opportunity and employment security STS -Joint optimization of systems -People as complements to machines -Optimal task grouping, multiple, broad skills -Internal controls: self-regulating subsystems -Fewer levels, participative style: Bilateral goal setting -Commitment: â€Å"It’s my job, group, and organization† -More individual development opportunity and employment security As seen above, many changes are nece... ...John Hoerr and Michael Pollock. â€Å"Management Discovers the Human Side of Automation.† Taken from Business Week. (1986), p. 1 http://organizationdesign.com/pages/articles2/auto.html 10 John Hoerr and Michael Pollock. â€Å"Management Discovers the Human Side of Automation.† Taken from Business Week. (1986), p. 2 http://organizationdesign.com/pages/articles2/auto.html 11 John Hoerr and Michael Pollock. â€Å"Management Discovers the Human Side of Automation.† Taken from Business Week. (1986), p. 1 http://organizationdesign.com/pages/articles2/auto.html 12 Pasmore, William. Designing Effective Organizations: The Sociotechnical Systems Perspective. New York: 1998. 13 Jacobs, D.A. and Keating C.B. â€Å"Process Analysis and Personnel Development Program. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA, April 1998. 14 Zell, Deone. Changing by Design. Cornell University Press, 2000.

Principles of Marketing Essay

Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Define marketing and outline the steps in the marketing process 2. Explain the importance of understanding customers and the marketplace, and identify the five core marketplace concepts 3. Identify the key elements of a customer-driven marketing strategy and discuss the marketing management orientations that guide marketing strategy 4. Discuss customer relationship management, and identify strategies for creating value for customers and capturing value from customers in return 5. Describe the major trends and forces that are changing the marketing landscape in this age of relationships 1-2 Chapter Concepts 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. What Is Marketing? Understanding the Marketplace and Customer Needs Designing a Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Preparing an Integrated Marketing Plan and Program Building Customer Relationships Capturing Value from Customers The New Marketing Landscape So, What Is Marketing? Pulling It All Together 1-3 What Is Marketing? Marketing Defined Marketing is the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships to capture value from customers in return 1-4 What Is Marketing? The Marketing Process 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Understand the marketplace and customer wants and needs Design a customer-driven marketing strategy Construct a marketing plan that delivers superior value Build profitable relationships and create customer satisfaction Capture value from customers to create profit and customer equity 1-5 Marketing process Determine needs and wants Design customer driven marketing strategy Construct marketing program that delivers superior value Build relationships and delight the customer Capture value from customer to achieve profits Figure 1.1: Core Marketing Concepts Needs, Wants & Demands Markets Core Marketing Concepts Marketing Offers Exchange & Relationships Value & Satisfaction Understanding the Marketplace and Customer Needs Customer Needs, Wants, and Demands †¢ Needs are states of deprivation †¢ Physical—food, clothing, warmth, safety †¢ Social—belonging and affection †¢ Individual—knowledge and selfexpression 1-6 Understanding the Marketplace and Customer Needs Customer Needs, Wants, and Demands Wants are the form that needs take as they are shaped by culture and individual personality Demands are wants backed by buying power 1-7 Understanding the Marketplace and Customer Needs Market Offerings—Products, Services, and Experiences Market offerings are some combination of products, services, information, or experiences offered to a market to satisfy a need or want 1-8 Understanding the Marketplace and Customer Needs Market Offerings—Products, Services, and Experiences Marketing myopia is focusing only on existing wants and losing sight of underlying consumer needs Exchange is the act of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in return 1-9 Understanding the Marketplace and Customer Needs Customer Value and Satisfaction †¢ Expectations †¢ Customers †¢ Value and satisfaction Set the right level of expectations †¢ †¢ Marketers †¢ Not too high or too low 1-10 Understanding the Marketplace and Customer Needs Exchanges and Relationships Exchange is the act of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in return Relationships consist of actions to build and maintain desirable relationships 1-11 Understanding the Marketplace and Customer Needs Markets are the set of actual and potential buyers of a product Marketing system consists of all of the actors (suppliers, company, competitors, intermediaries, and end users) in the system who are affected by major environmental forces †¢ Demographic †¢ Economic †¢ Physical †¢ Technological †¢ Political–legal †¢ Socio-cultural 1-12 Designing a Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Marketing Management Marketing management is the art and science of choosing target markets and building profitable relationships with them †¢ What customers will we serve? †¢ How can we best serve these customers? 1-13 Designing a Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Selecting Customers to Serve Market segmentation: Dividing the markets into segments of customers Target marketing: Which segments to go after 1-14 Designing a Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Selecting Customers to Serve De-marketing: Marketing to reduce demand temporarily or permanently; the aim is not to destroy demand but to reduce or shift it. 1-15 Designing a Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Selecting Customers to Serve Marketing management is: †¢ Customer management †¢ Demand management 1-16 Designing a Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Choosing a Value Proposition The value proposition is the set of benefits or values a company promises to deliver to customers to satisfy their needs 1-17 Designing a Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Marketing Management Orientations †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Production concept Product concept Selling concept Marketing concept Societal concept 1-18 Designing a Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Marketing Management Orientations Production concept is the idea that consumers will favor products that are available or highly affordable 1-19 Designing a Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Marketing Management Orientations Product concept is the idea that consumers will favor products that offer the most quality, performance, and features for which the organization should therefore devote its energy to making continuous improvements 1-20 Designing a Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Marketing Management Orientations Selling concept is the idea that consumers will not buy enough of the firm’s products unless it undertakes a large scale selling and promotion effort 1-21 Designing a Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Marketing Management Orientations Marketing concept is the idea that achieving organizational goals depends on knowing the needs and wants of the target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions better than competitors do 1-22 Designing a Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Selling Versus Marketing Designing a Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Marketing Management Orientations Societal marketing concept is the idea that a company should make good marketing decisions by considering consumers’ wants, the company’s requirements, consumers’ long-term interests, and society’s long-run interests 1-23 Societal Marketing Concept Society (human welfare) Consumers (want satisfaction) Company (profits) Preparing an Integrated Marketing Plan and Program Marketing Mix The marketing mix is the set of tools (four Ps) the firm uses to implement its marketing strategy †¢ Product †¢ Price †¢ Promotion †¢ Place 1-24 Preparing an Integrated Marketing Plan and Program Integrated Marketing Program Integrated marketing program is a comprehensive plan that communicates and delivers the intended value to chosen customers 1-25 Building Customer Relationships Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Customer relationship management is the overall process of building and maintaining profitable customer relationships by delivering superior value and satisfaction 1-26 Building Customer Relationships Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Customer perceived value is the difference between total customer value and total customer cost Customer satisfaction is the extent to which a product’s perceived performance matches a buyer’s expectations 1-27 Building Customer Relationships Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Customer Relationship Levels and Tools †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Basic relationship Full relationships Frequency marketing programs Club marketing programs 1-28 Building Customer Relationships The Changing Nature of Customer Relationships Relating with more carefully selected customers uses selective relationship management to target fewer, more profitable customers Relating for the long term uses customer relationship management to retain current customers and build profitable, long-term relationships Relating directly uses direct marketing tools (telephone, mail order, kiosks, Internet) to make direct connections with customers 1-29 Building Customer Relationships Partner Relationship Management Partner relationship management refers to working closely with partners in other company departments and outside the company to jointly bring greater value to customers 1-30 Building Customer Relationships Partner Relationship Management Partners inside the company is every function area interacting with customers †¢ Electronically †¢ Cross-functional teams Partners outside the company is how marketers connect with their suppliers, channel partners, and competitors by developing partnerships 1-31 Building Customer Relationships Partner Relationship Management Supply chain is a channel that stretches from raw materials to components to final products to final buyers †¢ Supply management †¢ Strategic partners †¢ Strategic alliances 1-32 Capturing Value from Customers Creating Customer Loyalty and Retention Customer lifetime value is the value of the entire stream of purchases that the customer would make over a lifetime of patronage 1-33 Capturing Value from Customers Growing Share of Customer Share of customer is the portion of the customer’s purchasing that a company gets in its product categories 1-34 Capturing Value from Customers Building Customer Equity Customer equity is the total combined customer lifetime values of all of the company’s customers 1-35 Capturing Value from Customers Building Customer Equity Building the right relationships with the right customers involves treating customers as assets that need to be managed and maximized †¢ Different types of customers require different relationship management strategies †¢ Build the right relationship with the right customers 1-36 The New Marketing Landscape Major Developments †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Digital age Globalization Ethics and social responsibility Not-for-profit marketing 1-37 The New Marketing Landscape The New Digital Age †¢ †¢ †¢ Recent technology has had a major impact on the ways marketers connect with and bring value to their customers Market research Learning about and tracking customers †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Create new customized products Distribution Communication Video conferencing Online data services 1-38 The New Marketing Landscape The New Digital Age Internet—creates marketplaces and marketspaces †¢ Information †¢ Entertainment †¢ Communication 1-39 The New Marketing Landscape Rapid Globalization †¢ †¢ The world is smaller Think globally, act locally 1-40 The New Marketing Landscape The Call for More Ethics and Social Responsibility Marketers are being called upon to take greater responsibility for the social and environmental impact of their actions in a global economy 1-41 The New Marketing Landscape The Call for More Ethics and Social Responsibility Social marketing campaigns encourage energy conservation and concern for the environment or discourage smoking, excessive drinking, and drug use 1-42 The New Marketing Landscape The Growth for Not-for-Profit Marketing †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Colleges Hospitals Museums Zoos Orchestras Religious groups 1-43

Comparing Karl Marx And The Mill Mill On Their...

This essay compares and contrasts Karl Marx and J.S. Mill on their understandings of freedom and their analyses of the impediments to its realization. Both Marx and Mill agree that human beings are capable of making progress and that the concept of freedom is an end in itself. Thus, they saw freedom as a means to realise individual potential and self-determination. However, both differ on the concept of freedom realisation and the impediments to freedom. Mill argues that the impediment to freedom is the masculine society while Marx argues that the impediment to freedom is the bourgeoisie. Furthermore, the essay discusses the intervention by state/society into freedom. Mill assert that the society can interfere into someone’s freedom when there is harm done to others. For Mill freedom should be exercised as long as there is no harm done to others while Marx supports the freedom to overthrow the bourgeoisie . On the other hand, Marx views hold that the go vernment/ society should intervene in individual freedom to avoid individuality that leads to private property and hence creating classes. Both Marx and Mill see freedom as an end in itself. According to Marx’s definition of freedom, was viewed as an end in itself. â€Å"Only in community has each individual the means of cultivating his gifts in all directions; only in the community, therefore, is personal freedom possible. In the previous substitutes for the community, in the State, etc. personalShow MoreRelatedEssay about Capitalism in Marx and Weber3426 Words   |  14 PagesThe Concept Of Capitalism In Marx And Weber; What Is The Contemporary Relevance Of Their Ideas? Introduction: At the later nineteenth century many social and economical ideas were developed because of the past revolutions and the present conflict of individuals and organised assemblies. Capitalism, one of these ideas, leads bourgeoisie to dream of a capitalist society in order to advance their maintain lifestyle and gain wealth. This economic system which is dominated by private business andRead MoreJurisprudential Theories on IPR13115 Words   |  53 PagesThe document presented in our digital archive is a private copy of the first print edition of 1821 that was annotated by Hegel himself for use in subsequent lectures. In Hegels view, property is something that enables the exercise of subjective freedom rather than a consequence of civil liberties. Thus, literary property is also a manifestation of a persons free will. Hegels concept of individual, personal rights as a basis of copyright was influenced by Kant and Fichte and had some bearing onRead MoreChristian Ethics in a Postmodern W orld Essay example6531 Words   |  27 Pagesof the ‘postmodern’. 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Their most enduring influence, however, has been on sociology, (with the exception of Marx, who is a central figure in the field ofRead MoreTheories of Organizational Behavior10512 Words   |  43 Pagespurposes. * The employees feel that their actions will be consistent with the needs and desires of the other employees. * The employees feel that they are mentally and physically able to carry out the order. Barnard s sympathy for and understanding of employee needs positioned him as a bridge to the behavioral school of management, the next school of thought to emerge. Relevance Today Having given a brief introduction, it would be pertinent to look at the current status, impact, relevanceRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pagesunderstands his own existence in terms of his experience of himself and his situation. 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Some fields in sociology are relatively easy to define and their meaning can be grasped immediately, e.g. the family, devianceRead MoreCollective Behavior11916 Words   |  48 Pages Supporters and opponents of abortion take to the streets daily. Mexico City searches for answers to a gas explosion that leveled a 40 square block area. The number of men wearing pony tails and one earring and the number of people saying and understanding yo, dude seems to be increasing. These diverse actions fall within the area sociologists call collective behavior. Some fields in sociology are relatively easy to define and their meaning can be grasped immediately, e.g. the family, devianceRead MoreInvestment and Economic Moats46074 Words   |  185 Pages1980, offers readers a fundamental understanding of how to get rich using the best in growth investing strategies. Filled with in-depth insights and practical advice, The Little Book That Makes You Rich outlines an effective approach to building true wealth in today’s markets. The Little Book That Builds Wealth, where Pat Dorsey, director of stock research for leading independent investment research provider Morningstar, Inc., guides the reader in understanding â€Å"economic moats,† learning howRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas

World History The French Revolution - 1192 Words

Jarvious Jones August 14, 2014 World History The French Revolution There’s always a limit on how much a person could bare. When someone is being mistreated, it’s going to come a time when the person retaliate. France was on the verge of bankruptcy because of France’s financial obligations reducing from their involvement in the Seven Years War and their participation in the American Revolutionary War. The working class of France were scarcely making it without money and food day to day. The rich and royalty did nothing at all to help. â€Å"Peoples do not judge in the same way as courts of law; they do not hand down sentences, they throw thunderbolts; they do not condemn kings, they drop them back into the void; and this justice is worth just as much as that of the courts.† A quote from Maximilien de Robespierre, a well-known figure in the French Revolution. He was saying that not all people view thing in the government point of view, and that the people views are more important. The people were fed up and had enough of the rich, wanting to destroy the powerful monarchies and churches. They started being rebellious, starting the French Revolution. The French Revolution began in 1789. â€Å"Liberty, equality, fraternity, or death; - the last, much the easiest to bestow, O Guillotine... The raggedest nightcap, awry on the wretchedest head, had this crooked significance in it: I know how hard it has grown for me, the wearer of this, to support life in myself; but do you know howShow MoreRelatedHistory : The American Revolution Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesHistory never teaches fatalism. There comes a moment when the will of a handful of a Freeman breaks through the determination and opens up the roads. Human history has always been filled with individual liberty ideas. Liberty is known to be the idea that is firmly held by men in their hearts, as they were willing to fight or even die for it. It was an ecstatic feeling when they finally achieved it. The people had an idea of a constitutional freedom and the moral quality, which was strongly held inRead MoreHistory : The American Revolution1442 Words   |  6 PagesHistory never teaches fatalism. There comes a moment when the will of a handful of a Freeman breaks through the determination and opens up the roads. Human history has always been filled with individual liberty ideas. Liberty is known to be the idea that is firmly held by men in their hearts, as they were willing to fight or even die for it. It was an ecstatic feeling when they finally achieved it. The people had an idea of a constitutional freedom and the moral quality, which was strongly held inRead MoreWas the French Revolution Successful? Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesMany historians credit the French Revolution as being the beginning of modern politics. 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These revolts are loosely connected, as many say that the Haitian Revolution was inspired by the French RevolutionRead MoreThe French Revolution : A Period Of Social And Political Turmoil1064 Words   |  5 PagesPeriod 11 28 August 2015 The French Revolution The French Revolution was a period of social and political turmoil in the late 1700s that caused thousands of deaths in France. Important political leaders, such as Philippe Égalità ©, Marie Antoinette, Madame Roland, and even King Louis XVI, and his son, Louis XVII, were killed during the Reign of Terror from 1793-1794 . The revolution looked like it was a failure after Napoleon took power in 1815, but later in French history a second republic was establishedRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Enlightenment1471 Words   |  6 Pages In European history, the 18th century marks a change in time. The age old traditions of the Ancient Regime and Catholic Church will see a shift in power. Power now in the hands of the people. 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This shift in history is noted in Klooster’s book and expanded upon in his chapter entitled â€Å"The Revolution’s Compared.† He notes the various commonalities between the American, French, Haitian, and Spanish AmericanRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1294 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical and social causes of the French Revolution the most important cause was actually economic. A few years before the French’s revolution the French spent approximately 13 billion dollars on the American’s Revolution. This gracious contribution caused trouble at home. I will discuss how conflicts around the world affect one another, give a brief histo ry of the French Revolution, and explain how the revolution was fueled by an economic conflict. The French Revolution was arguably one of the mostRead MoreEnlightenment During The French Revolution1423 Words   |  6 PagesThe French Revolution: Two of the Greatest Eras Working Together Without Knowing Molly Dauk Honors World History Mrs. Bartosik May 5, 2017 The Enlightenment and the French Revolution, two of the most enriched periods of history, probably never to be left out of the history books. The French Revolution was influenced greatly by the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment period took place over about three-hundred years, whereas the French Revolution took place for only ten years. The French RevolutionRead MoreEssay on Revolution as a Product of the Enlightenment Period1070 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a revolution? Revolution is defined, is the overthrow of one government with replacement of another. We are all familiar with the phrase â€Å"history repeats itself† over and over each in very different situations. The same can be said about the American and French Revolutions however these two revolutions end in very different situations. Both the American Revolution, (1775 -1783) and the French Revolution (1789 -1799) were the products of Enlightenment ideals that struck a large population

Early Childhood Education Essay - 875 Words

Early childhood education is one of the most important policy topics out there. Research has proven that the early years in childhood is a critical period for opportunity to develop a child’s full potential; as well as form academic, social, and cognitive skills that determine not only success in school but also their entire life (The White House). The right to a free, public education is guaranteed to all children in the United States. Early education is voluntary, and therefore some children are not given the opportunity to reach their full potential. As a staffer of the National Association for the Education of Young Children, I believe that promoting and investing in effective and high quality education programs that are affordable†¦show more content†¦It is a clear and worthy investment. The question lies in which preschool program is the most effective. Previous reviews of programs have focused on if they contributed to later success, but a few of them compared the programs on their effectiveness. A number of programs showed positive results continuing to the end of kindergarten and beyond, signifying that the preschool involvement had impacts aside from early exposure to academic content. (Johns Hopkins University, 37). Also, several programs had effects on oral language skills, which are emphasized in most preschools. Of the 27 programs evaluated, six showed strong indication of effectiveness and five had moderate evidence of effectiveness. The results for these programs were on language, literacy and/or phonological awareness. For some of the studies the significant effects were seen at the end of preschool (Direct Instruction, Interactive Book Reading), and for others at the end of kindergarten (Curiosity Corner, ELLM, Ready Set Leap!) (Johns Hopkins University, 35). It is programs that actually show results that improve academic and cognitive strength. That is why it is important to support and fund programs like these. On the othe r hand, there are some that believe early education does not improve student achievement or growth. This is because research has shown that it benefits educationally disadvantaged children while the same effect is not seen inShow MoreRelatedThe Early Childhood Education Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesKindergartens with the early childhood education society Aotearoa is a country that is bi-cultural yet multi-cultural. In the early childhood education sector there is a growing focus on diversity and achieving equality. This essay will have an emphasis on the diversity of ability, linking to the sociological concepts of ideology, mainstream and identity within a kindergarten setting. A discussion on inclusive practice will be apparent along with the roles and responsibilities of the educators withinRead MoreEarly Childhood Education And Education939 Words   |  4 PagesFirst, taking ED580 and spending time with the children has made it clear to me that early childhood (bilingual) education is what I’d love to pursue as a future career. Actually, I have long been interested in early childhood education and was intended to choose that as my major for graduate school; however, my parents urged me to choose a â€Å"broader† major such as TESOL so that I can have more career choices after graduation. Although I was not willing to, I finally compromised not to my parentsRead MoreEarly Childhood Education1761 Words   |  8 Pagesin the early childhood setting. The main objective is to identify key elements and issues in relation to the families, diversity and difference. In particular how an early childhood educator implements, different approaches to honour culture and diversity, and to advocate for social justice in an early childhood settings. As such, it allows an insight into the important role that families and their background plays in the everyday lives of the children and educators within early childhood settingsRead MoreEarly Childhood Education And Education1817 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Early Childhood Education (ECE) is also nursery education and is a branch of education theory which relates to the teaching of young children (formally and informally) up until the age of about eight. Infant/ toddler education, a subset of early childhood education, denotes the education of children from birth to age two. The history of early childhood care and education refers to the development of care and education of children between zero and eight years old throughout history. Early childhoodRead MoreReflection On Early Childhood Education1198 Words   |  5 Pagesthe past eight weeks, my insights on Early Childhood Education have given me a better understanding of issues and trends in Early Childhood Education. As I mastered this course, I have also become more knowledgeable and understanding of the needs of children and families in my community. Another way that I have been strengthened was through discussions and sharing blogs with my colleagues. On the other hand, research ing professional early childhood education topics and viewing multimedia presentationsRead MoreThe Benefits of Early Childhood Education642 Words   |  3 PagesThe prominence of early childhood education in children’s lives is now beyond questions. An initial start to life is well recognized as the foundation to future development. Not only have the children who participate in early childhood program get benefit but also the families and community. â€Å"It has been shown that children who attended early childhood centres of high quality were more successful at school, remained at school longer, and continued to achieve more after they had left schoolRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Of Children1122 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Early roots of play as a best practice for early learning was documented by Plato, a Greek philosopher, who insisted that play is considered a natural activity of childhood.†(Ingrid Crowther, 2011, Pg. 2) Early Childhood Education is a term that refers to educational programs that are devoted to children from birth to the age of eight. â€Å"Children of this age learn by exploring and investigating; therefore, their environment should support and encourage this process.†(Rebecca Isbell and Betty ExelbyRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Essays1052 Words   |  5 Pages EDUCATIONAL THRORISTS Early Childhood Curriculum â€Æ' Contents Introduction 2 Principles and Philosophy 2 Common and Differences 2 Contributions 3 Personal Reflections 4 Bibliography 5 Introduction In this assessment I will be talking about the principles and philosophy of Frobel and Montessori, what they have in common and differences, there contributions to Siolta and my own thoughts in relation to early childhood education and their impact on the learning environment Principles and PhilosophyRead MoreThe Regulations Of Early Childhood Education805 Words   |  4 Pages2. A. Choose two provinces (your home province and one other) and compare and contrast the regulations in regard to early childhood education. Regulations set by the government has a vital role to play in the quality of child care and development of any country. In Canada, there are three levels of government: Federal, Provincial and Municipal who are accountable for the system of child care in the country. Provincial or Territorial Government in Canada are responsible for regulating the child careRead MoreEarly Childhood Education ( Ece )1050 Words   |  5 Pages Early childhood education (ECE) is an area of educational theory which relates to the teaching of young children up until the age of about eight, with a specific focus on developmental education, most prominent before the start of required education. Although, parents are seen as a child s first teacher and therefore an essential part of the early learning process. There are five developmental domains of childhood development which include physical, social, emotional, cognitive

Addressing Gary’s Aggressive Behavior in School Free Essays

From The Four Mistaken Goals of Children’s Misbehavior – Diagnosis and Remediation (cited from Dreikurs and Soltz, 1987), these goals are seeking undue attention, power, revenge, and inadequacy (PSYCHOTHERAPY INSTITUTE). Gray’s case falls in the goal seeking undue power. In this type of mistaken goal, there are still 2 types: the active power and the passive power. We will write a custom essay sample on Addressing Gary’s Aggressive Behavior in School or any similar topic only for you Order Now The active power is the one which the child sees himself and acts like a boss to other people around him. On the other hand, passive ones would refer to those that do not allow themselves to under the authority of other people. Basically, being a new student in Ms. Adams fifth grade class, Gary’s primary response is to be defensive of his own self. People like Gary creates the I’m-in-charge atmosphere and, feeling that they are the boss, they refuse to cooperate with other people. According to the Psychotherapy Institute the effective way to deal with this kind of behavior is for Ms. Adams to not to tolerate Gary’s behavior. Primarily, she should listen first to Gary. There should have a communication between them as to why the child misbehaves himself and its effects to other people. Choices must be also available for Gary. When he misbehaves, he should be redirected to a similar yet pleasing manner (University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension, 2002). Bargains should be made such that the child is not acknowledged of his misbehavior instead made to do something more agreeable. In here, some privileges too can be suspended due to his misdemeanor (Keep Kids Healthy, 1999). Schools have different strategies in dealing with student misdemeanors. To deal with them is one of the major aspects in classroom management in which educators, administrators and parents are to provide a safe, compassionate and well motivated environment for everyone especially the children (Blomberg, 2004). Misbehavior in School References Blomberg, N. (2004). Effective Discipline for Misbehavior: In School vs. Out of School Suspension. Villanova University: Department of Education and Human Services. Dreikurs, R. and Soltz, V. (1987). Children: the Challenge. OK, USA: Plume. How to cite Addressing Gary’s Aggressive Behavior in School, Essay examples

Global logistic and supply chain management - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Global logistic and supply chain management. Answer: Introduction Logistics is the method through which organizations meet their objectives while still maintaining the customer needs in terms of movement, storage, and supply. However, this is a very complicated issue that basically involves a lot of comparisons and analysis. The company has to ensure that it does not compromise its objectives and has to ensure that it meets the requirements of the customer base (Chopra Meindl, 2007). A major company like Amazon does not consider competition but considers the customer base that it serves (Amor, 2000). Therefore, it has to ensure that there is a common base where the supply and the economics rest. All these factors ensure that any company has the capability to thrive in an otherwise very competitive industry. Every once and again, due to an increase in the competition or a change in the customer base, various companies are required to analyze their logistics and supply chain. It has been described that any successful organization may be required to leverage the resources that it may have with the reconstruction of the supply chain (Chopra, n.d.).In this, studies have indicated that the reconstruction may save the company about 25% of the costs that may be used in the distribution of supplies and commodities (Harrison, et al., 2003). Some of the major questions that may be involved in this redesign process include: services to the customers, need for shuffling inventories as well as the distribution locations among others. However, the factor of storage, as well as the costs incurred for the transportation from the production facilities to the consumer bases, has to be considered. One major factor that has to be considered in logistics and supply is the fact that the network should not be based on the size factor (Kersten, et al., n.d.).Therefore, the design and redesign are aimed at focusing on the customer needs without having to follow the shortest or longest path. However, with the increase in technologies and the availability of e-commerce, some of the paths that companies can take have been reduced in such a way that they are able to meet the individual needs of a consumer within a specified locality. E-commerce is an internet technology that enables consumers to order the commodities from their homes with the logistics and supply methodology of companies ensuring proper delivery (Laudon Traver, 2014). The second factor in the supply chain is the product type. Some products may be so fast moving that they may not require storage and can, therefore, move directly from the production facilities to the customer consequently saving the storage costs. On the other hand, some products may require storage because of the time is taken for the movement from the production facilities to the customer base. Therefore, the supply chain has to consider establishing storage facilities for these commodities. Transportation is a pivotal factor in ensuring that the customer base, as well as the storage, is met. Therefore, companies should focus more on being creative in the supply of commodities, both to the storage facilities and to the customers. The retail sector has seen unprecedented creativity whereby suppliers and retailers have come to the agreement that the transportation costs be shifted to the retailer. The move has seen a dramatic reduction in the costs incurred by the supplier but has the effect of increasing the costs incurred by the retailer (Furtwengler, 2015). All these are some of the approaches that can be used by the supplier to reduce the cost incurred. The supply chain Basically, the supply chain is the route that commodities and products take from their production to the final consumer. The route is not straightforward and as such, may constitute a variety of organizations and middlemen. The design of an effective and efficient chain, therefore, should be focused on the reduction or elimination of these middlemen because it reduces the time taken as well as the cost of the commodity. However, the supply chain depends on the logistic system for efficient delivery and supply. However, because of the interaction between the various intermediate members of the supply chain, there needs to be a management strategy. There are 4 determinants for a successful supply chain. However, it is very important to differentiate between a supply chain and logistics. The former refers to the various processes that are involved in commodity transfer from the producer to the eventual consumer through the various middlemen while logistics is the process or method used in ensuring that this supply is smooth and efficient (Monczka, et al., 2014). In this, the logistics work to ensure that the members are well conversant with each other and that the network is stable. The factors that promote or hinder the success of a supply chain include: the collaboration of the various members in the supply chain, the strategy used in the supply chain, information between the various members and the costs incurred in the supply chain (Napolitano, 2010) To begin with, the members involved in the movement of commodities from the manufacturer to the consumers are the most important determinants of the success of a supply chain. The trust, as well as the understanding between these members, is a requisite for a successful supply chain. In this, it is required that the members should have each others backs and should understand each other when it comes to the movement of goods and services. Members who may not be in good terms are not likely to result in a very efficient process while the members who have good mutual understanding, as well as trust, are likely to make the supply process very successful A strategy may be defined as the process employed throughout the supply chain and as such, strategies which focus on improving the efficiency and the cooperation between members is likely to have a positive output (Haksever Render, 2013). On the other hand, strategies that do not focus on the various parties involved in the supply chain are likely to have a redundant effect on the efficiency of service delivery. It is this factor that calls for the review and the redesign of the whole process for better service delivery. The other factor that affects the success of a supply chain is the availability of information. The supply strategy has to focus on availing information to every member of the supply chain by basically ensuring that he is up to date with the latest technology, inventories, strategies etc. By doing so, the cooperation and the trust between these members are enhanced and as such, prevent backlogging of activities. Finally, the supply chain should be cost effective and should consider the routes that focus on efficient service delivery as well as minimization of costs. It has been stated that the cost of supply of commodities from the producer to the consumer has to be put at a minimum while still catering for efficiency. The supply chain strategy A business entity is as successful as the strategies it employs in the distribution of commodities from the manufacturer to the consumer (Onder, 2014).Therefore, a supply chain strategy is a review of the components of the transfer of these commodities and include inventories, transportation, middlemen, sourcing, and planning. The review is aimed at ensuring that the customer is satisfied with the service delivery while the company ensures that its goals and objectives are attained. Furthermore, the company has to balance between demand and supply in the various regions that it serves. Transportation Transportation is a critical element in every company operations. Basically, there are two modes of transport that the company can employ when dealing with the distribution of the commodities: the inbound transportation and the outbound transportation (Bowersox, et al., 2007). The former refers to the process whereby goods and services are brought to the facility either for storage or manufacture while the latter refers to the movement of goods from the companies premises to the end consumer (Simon, 2009).Basically, the transportation can be through the normal transportation methods such as rail, road, air, sea etc. However, any company which wants to reduce the freight charges in the transportation has to ensure that there is bulk transportation and the method used is very effective. In this, rail transport has been widely emphasized because of the ability to transport commodities in bulk besides the means being very fast. However, the company has to consider several factors such as the distance to be covered, the location etc. Inventory Companies and organizations deal with the movement of goods from one region to another and as such, there need to be means through which these commodities are monitored. Furthermore, the inventory indicates the physical nature of commodities held and as such, provide valuable information in the supply chain strategy and management. Customer satisfaction is ensured by proper inventory management. The inventories define the stocks available and the stocks necessary to satisfy the consumer demands (Mangan, et al., 2008). There are basically three types of inventories: Cycle inventory, safety inventory and seasonal inventory. The first type of inventory refers to the management of commodities that are currently available for consumers and includes the goods that can be found in stock. On the other hand, safety inventory refers to the stock which the company holds onto without necessarily introducing to the supply chain so as to better prepare themselves because of unforeseen circumstances such as an increase in demand. Finally, the seasonal inventory refers to the bulk production of commodities in order to meet demands that may be brought about by seasonal variation, such as raincoats during the rainy season or various commodities required during festive seasons. It is thus a very important thing for companies to c onsider evaluating the strategies that are employed in inventory management. Sourcing Sourcing can be described as a management strategy that basically focuses on the individual members of the supply chain. In this, the strategy focuses on assigning various members the roles needed in the supply chain process. However, outsourcing may shift the roles served by different groups in the supply chain (Priester Wang, 2010). The design of a logistics network It is a fact that managers need to redesign the logistics network in such a way that it caters for efficiency as well as the consumer base. However, this should as per the; lowest costs possible. Costs are an impediment to every successful operation and as such, the task that befalls the manager is very complicated. The history for this review in logistics arises from previous organizational structures which reviewed their logistics operations within 5 years (Porter, 1985). As of late, the competition and the need to take control of the market has led to constant and intense logistic network reviews and redesigns. Some of the factors that have led to this change in the frequency with which the logistic network is redesigned include: change in customer bases, change in the labor trades, the costs that are associated with space, trade agreements, and supplier changes among others. Therefore, these determinants are essentially the features that need to be put into consideration when the manager is in the process of redesigning and restructuring the network. The main aim of the redesign is to change some of the basic factors associated with chain supply and which may include: inventory carrying, transportation costs, warehousing charges etc. Furthermore, the review basically focuses on specifics such as the location of facilities, the distribution capability of each facility, the relationship between the suppliers and the relative locations from each other among others. The proposed redesign strategy of the logistic network has been simplified into six steps. The first step in the redesign is to analyze the current network. In this, the route used is analyzed in terms of the facilities, transportation mechanisms and all other factors necessary for the movement of the commodity from the production stage to the final consumer. The stage is followed by the designing and the optimization of the network database.The third stage is to choose an alternative route that basically meets all the requirements of an effective logistic network. Later on, the proposed network is optimized through a network optimization tool. The later stages of the redesign include putting the model into practice and establishing the costs required. The final decision will determine if the network model can be used. Redesign of the logistics network In redesigning the logistics network, we basically have to focus on the demand/customer base and the costs required to meet this demand. Therefore, we arrange the demand in descending order with the aggregate that has the highest demand being the topmost consideration. According to the data, Germany has the highest demand (the data has been arranged for clarity). From the above data, the countries that need an efficient delivery system are: Germany, Italy, France, Spain, Netherlands, Switzerland, Portugal, Belgium, and Austria. All these countries have a huge consumer base. Basing the argument on the service levels, the 6 warehouses would be located in regions which require premium service L Kassel in Germany=7, bologna In Italy =4, Otzberg in Denmark=4, st.Witz in France=4, Mszczonow in Poland=3, Brussels in Denmark=3.By ensuring that the warehouse is located in the area that has the biggest consumer base, the money saved on transportation is tremendous. However, this has to be checked against the inbound as well as the outbound transportation costs Country Average Primary Transportation Cost from FW's to RDW /FTL shipment 1 Aprilia IT 1,493 2 Bologna IT 974 3 Brussels BE 1,039 4 Effretikon CH 1,143 5 Guntramsdorf AT 974 6 Kassel DE 1,214 7 Katowice PL 1,571 8 Lyon FR 929 9 Miramas FR 1,215 10 Mszczonow PL 1,429 11 Novara IT 864 12 Otzberg DE 1,021 13 Sesena ES 1,714 14 St. Witz FR 1,336 15 Subirats ES 1,357 16 Zaragoza ES 1,494 From the above table, the places with the least inbound costs are bologna=974, Lyon=929, Novara=864, otzberg=1021, Brussel=1039,kassel=2014 and Mszczonow=1429 The cost of warehousing can be described below Therefore, the warehouses would be as follows:st.wit in France which would be used to serve Belgium, France and the Netherlands consumer bases.The second warehouse would be located in Kassel and would be used to serve Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. The third warehouse would be in Bologna which would basically be used to serve the customer base in Italy.sesena in Spain would be used to serve the customer base of Spain. Mszczonow in Poland would be used to serve the customer base of Poland and Lithuania. Basically, all the other countries will be served from these warehouses because the transportation costs would be far less than those incurred in constructing a warehouse as well as the inbound and outbound transportation. Basically, the logistic costs are those incurred during the inbound transportation as well as the outbound transportation. Furthermore, these costs include the costs of storage and can be determined from the tables below. Housing Cost Handling Cost Country /ton total cost /ton 1 Aprilia IT 38 78 40 2 Bologna IT 58 93 35 3 Brussels BE 75 150 75 4 Effretikon CH 69 123 54 5 Guntramsdorf AT 50 96 46 6 Kassel DE 62 117 55 7 Katowice PL 80 120 40 8 Lyon FR 65 130 65 9 Miramas FR 69 134 65 10 Mszczonow PL 80 122 42 11 Novara IT 58 89 31 12 Otzberg DE 60 115 55 13 Sesena ES 55 95 40 14 St. Witz FR 85 166 81 15 Subirats ES 69 119 50 16 Zaragoza ES 69 114 45 1 within 24 h 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 32 34 35 2 within 36 h Country AT AT BE CH CZ DE DE DE DE DK ES ES ES ES PT FR FR FR FR FR HU IT IT IT IT IT LT LV NL 1 Aprilia IT 2 Bologna IT 1 1 1 1 3 Brussels BE 1 1 2 2 1 4 Effretikon CH 5 Guntramsdorf AT 6 Kassel DE 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 7 Katowice PL 8 Lyon FR 9 Miramas FR 10 Mszczonow PL 1 1 11 Novara IT 1 2 1 1 1 12 Otzberg DE 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 13 Sesena ES 2 2 1 2 1 14 St. Witz FR 1 2 1 1 1 15 Subirats ES 16 Zaragoza ES The service levels obtained by restructuring the logistic network The focus of this redesign was basically in the most appropriate locations. The location might be defined in terms of the customer base and the locality. Most of the selected locations serve a considerable number of customers and hence are strategically located. References Armor, D., 2000. The e-business (r) evolution. s.l.:s.n. Bowersox, D., Cross, D. Cooper, M., 2007. Supply chain logistics management. s.l.:s.n. Chopra, S. Meindl,, P., 2007. .Supply chain management. s.l.:s.n. Chopra, s., n.d. Designing the Distribution Network in a SupplyChain. s.l.:s.n. Furtwangler, D., 2015. Become a Maverick: GrowYour Business Using the Unconventional Strategies of World-Class Companies.. s.l.:s.n. Haksever, C. Render, B., 2013. Service management - An Integrated Approach to Supply Chain Management and Operation. s.l.:s.n. Harrison, T., Lee, H. Neale, J., 2003. The practice of supply chain management.. s.l.:s.n. Kersten, W., Kotch, J. Hohrath, P., n.d. The motivation for the outsourcing of complex logistics services. s.l.:s.n. Laudon, K. Traver, C., 2014. 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